$ explorer.exe . &
to open an Explorer window on the current folder (C:\cygwin\home\username in many cases).
Note:
$ tar xfv mafft-7.505-mingw64-signed.tar -C /
Replace -mingw64- with -mingw32- if you downloaded the 32-bit version.
$ explorer.exe . &to open an Explorer window on the current folder.
$ mafft input.txt > output.txt